Cambridge records refrain from + -ing for deliberately not doing an action. Because from is a preposition in this pattern, the following verb is expressed as an -ing form rather than as a to-infinitive.
ReviewedEvidence1 sourceSectionEnglish Usage
Quick answer
Use “refrain from doing” when you mean deliberately avoid an action. “Refrain to do” is not the parallel direct-complement construction.
Key details
Confusion Familygrammar-and-usage distinction
Rule Familypreposition and verb-complement pattern
TermsRefrain From Doing, Refrain To Do
Further guidance
Boundary
This guide is about the complement after refrain. It does not ban every later to-infinitive in a larger sentence when that infinitive serves a different purpose.
Construction
The conventional complement is refrain from + -ing when the avoided action is named.
Decision
Use “refrain from doing” when you mean deliberately avoid an action. “Refrain to do” is not the parallel direct-complement construction.
Sources and evidence
Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.
Cambridge records “accuse someone of something” and specifically “accuse someone of doing something.” That supports of + -ing when the action is the alleged wrongdoing.
Cambridge records accustomed to something and gives -ing examples such as being accustomed to working or being treated in a particular way. Do not interpret the “to” after accustomed as an infinitive marker in this construction.
Cambridge distinguishes adapt to a situation or activity from transitive patterns such as adapting plans to fit new circumstances. The surface sequence “adapt … to + verb” therefore needs its grammatical structure identified before choosing an -ing form or infinitive.
Cambridge distinguishes “apologize to someone” from “apologize for something/doing something.” You can combine the two roles, as in “apologize to someone for doing something”; “to” marks the recipient while “for” marks the reason.
Cambridge distinguishes intransitive “approve of” for a favorable opinion from transitive “approve something” for official acceptance or authorization. The official-authorization sense uses transitive “approve” with an object; do not collapse that separate sense into the “approve of doing” judgment pattern.
Oxford documents the person-action pattern as be banned + from + -ing and separately documents direct-object uses of ban. The cited evidence does not support person + to-infinitive as the equivalent prohibition construction.
