English UsageComparison guide
Ran vs. Run
“Ran” and “run” are different forms of the irregular verb “run.” “Ran” is the simple past, while “run” is the past participle used in perfect constructions.
Use “ran” for the simple past and “run” as the past participle, especially after have/has/had.
Key details
Confusion Familyirregular verb forms
Rule Familyverb forms
Termsran, run
Verb Formsrun, ran, run
Choose the right form
| Sentence need | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| simple past | ran | They ran yesterday. |
| past participle after have/has/had | run | They have run before. |
Further guidance
Core difference
“Ran” is the simple-past form of “run”; “run” is the past participle used with auxiliaries such as have, has, or had.
Fast Test
If have, has, or had directly governs the form of “run,” choose “run.” For a standalone finite past-tense verb, choose “ran.”
Sources and evidence
Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.
- run — Cambridge Dictionary (opens in a new tab)Cambridge Dictionary · Cambridge lists ran as the past tense and run as the past participle of run.