English UsageComparison guide

Layoff vs. Lay Off

“Layoff” is the standard closed noun in Cambridge, with “lay-off” also documented as a noun variant. “Lay off” is the two-word phrasal verb, including the employment sense.

Quick answer

Use “layoff” for the noun; Cambridge also records the noun variant “lay-off.” Use “lay off” as the verb, especially for ending someone’s employment because work is unavailable.

Key details

Confusion Familyword-boundary
Noun Variant ScopeCambridge documents both “layoff” and the noun variant “lay-off,” while the phrasal verb remains “lay off.”
Rule Familyorthographic-boundary
Termslayoff, lay-off, lay off

Choose the right form

Decision table for Layoff vs. Lay Off
If you mean / needUseWhy
an employment termination event or period away from worklayoff / lay-offCambridge documents both noun spellings.
the action of stopping employing someonelay offThe phrasal verb is written as two words.

Further guidance

Core difference

Use the documented noun or modifier form when naming a thing, result, person, or concept; use the spaced form when the words function as a verb.

Fast Test

If the expression can take ordinary verb tense or inflection in the sentence, the spaced verb form is usually the relevant choice.

Variant Boundary

Cambridge documents both “layoff” and the noun variant “lay-off,” while the phrasal verb remains “lay off.”

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. LAYOFF — English meaning (opens in a new tab)Cambridge Dictionary · Noun “layoff”, with documented “lay-off” variant
  2. LAY SOMEONE OFF — English meaning (opens in a new tab)Cambridge Dictionary · Two-word phrasal verb “lay off”

Related guides

English Usage

A Lot vs. Alot

Standard English writes “a lot” as two words for a large amount, number, frequency, or degree. “Alot” is a common misspelling in this sense; it should not be confused with the separate verb “allot.”

English Usage

Blackout vs. Black Out

“Blackout” is the closed noun, while “black out” is the two-word phrasal verb. The verb can describe losing consciousness or obscuring/darkening something; the noun names the resulting event or state.

English Usage

Blowout vs. Blow Out

“Blowout” is a closed noun for several events or results, and Cambridge also records “blow-out” as a noun variant. “Blow out” is the two-word phrasal verb, including the sense of extinguishing a flame.

English Usage

Breakout vs. Break Out

“Breakout” is a closed noun for an escape and an adjective in several established senses. Cambridge also documents “break-out” in modifier use. “Break out” is the two-word phrasal verb for meanings such as beginning suddenly or escaping.

English Usage

Breakthrough vs. Break Through

“Breakthrough” is a closed noun for an important discovery or advance and can also modify a following noun. “Break through” is the two-word phrasal verb for forcing or moving through a barrier or threshold.

English Usage

Build-up vs. Buildup vs. Build Up

“Build up” is the two-word phrasal verb. For the noun, Cambridge records hyphenated “build-up,” while its American dictionary also records closed “buildup.” The noun spelling therefore has a documented regional/style variant rather than one universal form.

Explore the topic