English UsageComparison guide

Fill-in vs. Fill In

“Fill-in” is a hyphenated noun for a temporary substitute and can also be an attributive adjective. “Fill in” is the two-word phrasal verb used for completing blanks, substituting for someone, or supplying missing information.

Quick answer

Use “fill-in” for a temporary substitute person or, in mainly US use, as an attributive adjective. Use “fill in” as the verb for completing information, substituting temporarily, or bringing someone up to date.

Key details

Confusion Familyword-boundary
Noun Variant ScopeCambridge distinguishes the hyphenated noun/adjective “fill-in” from the phrasal verb “fill in,” which has several senses.
Rule Familyorthographic-boundary
Termsfill-in, fill in

Choose the right form

Decision table for Fill-in vs. Fill In
If you mean / needUseWhy
a temporary substitute personfill-inCambridge records the noun with a hyphen.
temporary substitute before a nounfill-inCambridge records an attributive adjective, mainly US.
complete information or substitute temporarilyfill inThe phrasal verb is written as two words.

Further guidance

Core difference

Use the documented noun or modifier form when naming a thing, result, person, or concept; use the spaced form when the words function as a verb.

Fast Test

If the expression can take ordinary verb tense or inflection in the sentence, the spaced verb form is usually the relevant choice.

Variant Boundary

Cambridge distinguishes the hyphenated noun/adjective “fill-in” from the phrasal verb “fill in,” which has several senses.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. FILL SOMETHING IN — English meaning (opens in a new tab)Cambridge Dictionary · Hyphenated noun/adjective “fill-in” and phrasal verb “fill in”

Related guides

English Usage

A Lot vs. Alot

Standard English writes “a lot” as two words for a large amount, number, frequency, or degree. “Alot” is a common misspelling in this sense; it should not be confused with the separate verb “allot.”

English Usage

Blackout vs. Black Out

“Blackout” is the closed noun, while “black out” is the two-word phrasal verb. The verb can describe losing consciousness or obscuring/darkening something; the noun names the resulting event or state.

English Usage

Blowout vs. Blow Out

“Blowout” is a closed noun for several events or results, and Cambridge also records “blow-out” as a noun variant. “Blow out” is the two-word phrasal verb, including the sense of extinguishing a flame.

English Usage

Breakout vs. Break Out

“Breakout” is a closed noun for an escape and an adjective in several established senses. Cambridge also documents “break-out” in modifier use. “Break out” is the two-word phrasal verb for meanings such as beginning suddenly or escaping.

English Usage

Breakthrough vs. Break Through

“Breakthrough” is a closed noun for an important discovery or advance and can also modify a following noun. “Break through” is the two-word phrasal verb for forcing or moving through a barrier or threshold.

English Usage

Build-up vs. Buildup vs. Build Up

“Build up” is the two-word phrasal verb. For the noun, Cambridge records hyphenated “build-up,” while its American dictionary also records closed “buildup.” The noun spelling therefore has a documented regional/style variant rather than one universal form.

Explore the topic