Writing & StyleStyle guide

Seconds Abbreviations: s, sec, or secs?

For scientific and technical unit notation, the accepted symbol for second is lowercase “s.” NIST states that unit symbols are not abbreviations, are not pluralized, and do not take a period; it also identifies “sec” as impermissible for the SI unit second.

Quick answer

Use lowercase “s” as the standard symbol for second: “1 s,” “30 s.” In SI-style measurement writing, avoid “sec,” “secs,” and plural “ss.”

Key details

Core Issuechoosing the standard short form for second
Registerscientific, technical, and measurement writing
Rulethe SI unit symbol is s, without pluralization or a period

Important caveats

Sec Boundary

In SI-style notation, use “s” rather than “sec”; NIST explicitly treats “sec” as impermissible for the unit symbol.

Further guidance

Pluralization

Keep the symbol unchanged for plural quantities: “30 s,” not “30 secs.”

Standard Form

Write lowercase “s” after the value: “10 s.”

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Writing with SI (Metric System) Units (opens in a new tab)National Institute of Standards and Technology · NIST unit-symbol rules, including no plural s on symbols
  2. SP 330 Section 5 — Rules and Style Conventions for Printing and Using Units (opens in a new tab)National Institute of Standards and Technology · Authoritative SI style rules: unit symbols are not pluralized or followed by periods, and sec is not the permissible symbol for second

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