Writing & StyleStyle guide

Reliability and Validity Section

University of Northern Iowa methods guidance identifies reliability and validity of a survey instrument or method as information that may be needed to explain how a study was conducted and how measurements should be interpreted. Terminology, preferred evidence, and reporting conventions differ across research traditions; some studies use other quality frameworks rather than a standalone Reliability and Validity section.

Quick answer

A Reliability and Validity section reports relevant evidence about measurement consistency and whether the instrument or method supports the intended interpretation or use.

Key details

Core IssueUniversity of Northern Iowa methods guidance identifies reliability and validity of a survey instrument or method as information that may be needed to explain how a study was conducted and how measurements should be interpreted.
Registerscholarly, professional, or research/report writing

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

Terminology, preferred evidence, and reporting conventions differ across research traditions; some studies use other quality frameworks rather than a standalone Reliability and Validity section.

Further guidance

Content

Keep claims tied to the instrument, population, purpose, and evidence actually available rather than treating reliability or validity as permanent all-purpose properties.

Purpose

Describe the specific reliability or validity evidence that is relevant to the measure and study, identify the basis for that evidence, and avoid unsupported claims that a tool is simply “reliable and valid.”

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Chapter Four: Quantitative Methods — Part 3, Making Sense of Your Study (opens in a new tab)University of Northern Iowa · University methods guidance supporting clear reporting of study design, recruitment, operationalized variables, instruments, and reliability/validity

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