Methodology Section
George Mason University’s IMRaD guidance describes the methods section as the place to explain how empirical research was conducted, including data, collection and analysis choices, with transparency and replicability as key goals. Exact content varies by discipline and study design.
A methodology or methods section explains how the study was conducted and how data were collected and analyzed, with enough relevant detail for readers to understand and, where appropriate, replicate the work.
Key details
Important caveats
Scope Boundary
“Method,” “Methods,” and “Methodology” are not interchangeable labels in every discipline, and section structure/detail should follow the target venue and research design.
Further guidance
Content
Describe the relevant participants/data, procedures, materials or instruments, and analysis methods; justify choices when the field or venue expects that explanation.
Purpose
Explain how the research was designed and conducted so readers can evaluate the approach and, when appropriate, replicate it.
Sources and evidence
Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.
- Scientific (IMRaD) Research Reports — Methods Section (opens in a new tab)George Mason University Writing Center · University writing-center guidance that an IMRaD methods section explains how research was conducted with enough relevant detail for understanding/replication