Writing & StyleStyle guide

Hyphen vs. Minus Sign

A hyphen and a minus sign can look similar in some fonts, but they do different jobs. Microsoft distinguishes the hyphen used in compounds from the minus sign used for subtraction and negative numbers, so professional text should not treat the symbols as interchangeable.

Quick answer

Use a hyphen to join words or word parts; use a minus sign for subtraction and negative numbers.

Key details

Core IssueA hyphen joins words or word parts, while a minus sign represents subtraction or a negative value; the marks are typographically and semantically distinct.
Phrase Roleprofessional-writing and typography guidance
Registerprofessional, technical, and editorial writing

Important caveats

Accessibility Boundary

Do not substitute an en dash for a minus sign; preserve the mathematical meaning of the character in technical content.

Further guidance

Character Difference

Microsoft treats hyphens and minus signs as distinct punctuation/symbol choices rather than interchangeable marks.

Use

Use a hyphen to join words or word parts; use a minus sign for subtraction operations and negative numbers.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Dashes and hyphens — Microsoft Style Guide (opens in a new tab)Microsoft · En-dash and em-dash functions, including number ranges and sentence breaks

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