Writing & StyleStyle guide

Footnotes vs. Endnotes

Footnotes and endnotes can both hold explanatory or reference material. Their central layout difference is placement: footnotes stay with the page, while endnotes are gathered later, so the choice is editorial rather than a grammar rule.

Quick answer

Footnotes normally appear at the bottom of the page; endnotes are collected at the end of the document or section. Choose according to the governing style and the reading experience you need.

Key details

Core Issuechoosing whether notes appear at the bottom of the page or at the end of a document or section
Registeracademic, legal, technical and other documented writing

Important caveats

Style Boundary

Citation systems, publishers and templates may prescribe one system or restrict how it is used; follow that authority rather than a universal preference.

Further guidance

Placement

Use footnotes when notes should remain near the relevant page; use endnotes when the document or style calls for notes collected at the end.

Shared Function

Both systems use an in-text reference mark linked to note text and can serve explanatory or reference purposes.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Add footnotes and endnotes — Microsoft Support (opens in a new tab)Microsoft Support · Footnote/endnote placement, reference marks and formatting options

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