Writing & StyleStyle guide

Competing Interests Statement

ICMJE requires disclosure of relationships and activities that could be perceived as potential conflicts of interest. Journals can use different labels and forms, so this guide focuses on transparent disclosure rather than imposing one universal heading or wording.

Quick answer

A competing interests statement discloses relevant relationships or activities that could be perceived to influence a scholarly work. Use the journal’s requested label, scope, disclosure form and placement.

Key details

Core IssueICMJE disclosure guidance covers financial and non-financial relationships or activities that readers may perceive as influencing a submitted work
Registerscholarly and medical-journal publishing

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

["Terminology, disclosure period, placement and required wording vary by journal and discipline; the page does not substitute for the target publication’s policy."]

Further guidance

Content

["Follow the journal’s disclosure form or instructions and state applicable relationships accurately; where the journal requires a no-conflict statement, use its prescribed wording."]

Purpose

["Use a competing-interests/conflict-of-interest statement to disclose relevant relationships or activities under the journal’s policy."]

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Author Responsibilities—Conflicts of Interest — ICMJE (opens in a new tab)International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) · ICMJE disclosure guidance for relationships and activities that may represent or be perceived as conflicts/competing interests

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