Writing & StyleStyle guide

Chicago Format

“Chicago format” most often requires choosing between Chicago’s notes-and-bibliography and author-date citation systems. The Chicago Manual of Style directs writers to use the system required by their field, instructor, or publisher and provides separate examples for each; this should not be generalized into one universal paper layout.

Quick answer

Chicago citation uses two main systems: notes and bibliography, or author-date. Use the system required by your instructor, publisher, or field, then follow the current Chicago examples for that system and source type.

Key details

Core Issuechoosing and applying the correct Chicago citation system for the assignment or publication
Registeracademic and scholarly writing
Rule FamilyChicago source citation

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

“Chicago format” is not one universal layout rule for every paper. Citation system, manuscript presentation, and publisher/instructor requirements should not be collapsed into a single generic template.

Further guidance

Application

Use notes and bibliography when that system is required, or author-date when that system is required; follow Chicago’s current examples for the source type and check the instructor, publisher, or field requirement before choosing.

Core Rule

Chicago source citation has two principal systems: notes and bibliography, and author-date.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide (opens in a new tab)The Chicago Manual of Style · Current first-party Chicago guidance distinguishing notes-and-bibliography from author-date citation systems and directing writers to the required system.

Related guides

Writing & Style

Chicago Title Case (18th Edition)

Chicago 18 uses title case for titles of works and changed a long-standing rule: prepositions of five letters or more are now capitalized. Shorter prepositions generally remain lowercase internally, while first and last words are capitalized and “to” remains lowercase as an infinitive marker in ordinary mid-title use.

Explore the topic