Writing & StyleStyle guide

Analysis Population Section

SPIRIT 2025 item 27b calls for protocols to define who will be included in each analysis and in which group, including clear definitions for the primary and any additional analysis populations. This is distinct from a Study Population section, which describes the population being studied, and from the statistical-methods content that explains how outcomes will be analyzed.

Quick answer

An Analysis Population section defines which participants or observations are included in each planned analysis and how they are grouped.

Key details

Core IssueSPIRIT 2025 item 27b calls for protocols to define who will be included in each analysis and in which group, including clear definitions for the primary and any additional analysis populations.
Registerscholarly, professional, or research/report writing

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

This is distinct from a Study Population section, which describes the population being studied, and from the statistical-methods content that explains how outcomes will be analyzed.

Further guidance

Content

Define the primary analysis population and any additional populations, state inclusion/exclusion rules, specify which randomized or treated group participants are analyzed in, and avoid labels such as “modified intention-to-treat” unless fully defined.

Purpose

Make the denominator and grouping rules for each planned analysis explicit before results are known.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials (opens in a new tab)BMJ / SPIRIT-CONSORT Group · Primary SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration for trial protocols, including trial monitoring and data monitoring committee roles and reporting structure.

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