Writing & StyleRule guide

Nonessential Clause

A nonessential clause adds information without restricting which person or thing the sentence identifies. In standard edited English, it is set off with commas when embedded in a sentence; an essential/restrictive clause is not treated the same way.

Quick answer

A nonessential clause gives extra, nonrestrictive information and is normally set off with commas. If removing the clause changes which person or thing you mean, the clause is essential/restrictive instead.

Key details

Core Issueidentifying nonessential/nonrestrictive clauses and punctuating them
Registergeneral and edited English
Rule Familynonrestrictive clauses and comma use

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

“Nonessential” is a grammatical/semantic label for the clause’s role in that sentence; it does not mean the information is unimportant in every communicative sense.

Further guidance

Application

Test whether the noun is already fully identified without the clause. If yes, the clause is nonessential and usually takes surrounding commas.

Core Rule

Set off a nonessential clause with commas because it adds information without restricting the identity of the noun it modifies.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Commas with Nonessential Elements — Purdue OWL (opens in a new tab)Purdue Online Writing Lab · Direct guidance distinguishing essential/restrictive from nonessential elements and their comma treatment.

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