Writing & StyleRule guide

Irregular Verb

An irregular verb has past and/or past-participle forms that do not follow the ordinary regular -ed pattern and therefore must be learned as part of its paradigm. Irregularity mainly concerns inflectional form; the same verb can still follow ordinary present-tense syntax in other respects.

Quick answer

An irregular verb has past and/or past-participle forms that do not follow the ordinary regular -ed pattern and therefore must be learned as part of its paradigm.

Key details

Core Issuerecognizing English verbs whose past forms do not follow the regular -ed pattern
Registergeneral English
Rule Familyverb forms

Important caveats

Scope Boundary

Irregularity mainly concerns inflectional form; the same verb can still follow ordinary present-tense syntax in other respects.

Further guidance

Application

Learn the base, past simple, and past-participle forms together because irregular patterns vary: some forms stay unchanged, some share two forms, and others have three distinct forms.

Core Rule

An irregular verb has past and/or past-participle forms that do not follow the ordinary regular -ed pattern and therefore must be learned as part of its paradigm.

Sources and evidence

Sources are shown with the role they play in this guide. Historical or style-sensitive claims are kept within the evidence boundary described above.

  1. Verbs: basic forms — Cambridge Grammar (opens in a new tab)Cambridge University Press · Direct grammar guidance on regular verb forms, -ed past forms, -ing forms, and common spelling changes.

Related guides

Writing & Style

Regular Verb

A regular verb follows the productive English inflection pattern, especially by forming its past simple and past participle with -ed or -d, with ordinary spelling adjustments such as “study” → “studied.”

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